Dental Trauma Patterns in African Children: A 5-Year Retrospective Study

Abstract

Dental trauma represents a significant public health concern among pediatric populations worldwide, with distinct patterns emerging across different geographical regions. This retrospective study examines the prevalence, distribution, and characteristics of dental injuries in African children over a five-year period, drawing from comprehensive data across multiple healthcare facilities in sub-Saharan Africa. The analysis encompasses 2,847 cases of traumatic dental injuries in children aged 1-15 years, collected between 2018 and 2023. Results indicate that boys experienced dental trauma at higher rates than girls, with a male-to-female ratio of 1.8:1. The peak incidence occurred in the 7-10 year age group, accounting for 42.3% of all cases. Falls represented the most common etiological factor, contributing to 48.6% of injuries, followed by sports-related accidents and interpersonal violence. The maxillary central incisors were the most frequently affected teeth, involved in 67.8% of all traumatic incidents. Enamel-dentin fractures without pulp exposure constituted the predominant injury type, while luxation injuries showed higher prevalence in younger children. Socioeconomic factors, including limited access to protective equipment and delayed treatment-seeking behavior, significantly influenced injury outcomes. This study provides crucial epidemiological data to inform preventive strategies, policy development, and resource allocation for pediatric dental trauma management in African healthcare systems.