Remineralization Potential of Bioactive Glass-Incorporated Toothpaste on Early Enamel Carious Lesions: An In Vivo Clinical Trial

Abstract

Early enamel carious lesions represent a critical stage in dental decay where the demineralization process can potentially be reversed through appropriate therapeutic interventions. This in vivo clinical trial investigates the remineralization potential of bioactive glass-incorporated toothpaste on early enamel carious lesions in a controlled clinical setting. Bioactive glass, particularly NovaMin® (calcium sodium phosphosilicate), has demonstrated promising results in dental applications due to its ability to release therapeutic ions that precipitate hydroxyapatite on tooth surfaces. The study enrolled 120 participants aged 18-45 years with clinically diagnosed early enamel carious lesions (ICDAS codes 1-2) and evaluated the remineralization efficacy over a 12-week period using quantitative light-induced fluorescence (QLF), laser fluorescence (DIAGNOdent), and microhardness testing. Results indicated statistically significant improvements in mineral density and lesion regression in the bioactive glass group compared to conventional fluoride toothpaste controls. The bioactive glass-incorporated toothpaste demonstrated a 42.7% reduction in lesion depth and a 38.5% increase in surface microhardness, suggesting substantial remineralization activity. These findings support the clinical application of bioactive glass technology as an effective non-invasive therapeutic approach for managing early carious lesions, potentially reducing the need for restorative interventions and contributing to contemporary preventive dentistry strategies.