Biomechanical Analysis of Zirconia vs. Titanium Dental Implants Under Dynamic Loading Conditions: A Finite Element Study

Abstract

The selection of implant material remains a critical decision in contemporary implant dentistry, with both clinical and biomechanical implications for long-term success. This finite element study systematically compares the biomechanical performance of zirconia and titanium dental implants under dynamic loading conditions, addressing the growing demand for aesthetic and biocompatible alternatives in the Indian dental market. Through comprehensive computational analysis, this research evaluates stress distribution patterns, bone remodeling potential, and failure risk under physiological masticatory forces. The findings reveal that while titanium implants demonstrate superior stress dissipation characteristics with peak von Mises stress values of 287 MPa compared to zirconia's 312 MPa under 200N oblique loading, zirconia implants exhibit favorable osseointegration potential and reduced corrosion susceptibility. The economic analysis indicates that zirconia implants, ranging from ₹25,000 to ₹45,000 per unit in the Indian market, present a viable alternative for anterior aesthetic zones despite their 18-22% higher cost compared to titanium implants (₹18,000-₹32,000). This study provides evidence-based guidance for clinicians, researchers, and dental implant manufacturers in material selection protocols, contributing to the optimization of treatment outcomes in diverse clinical scenarios.