Incidence and Etiology of Maxillofacial Injuries from Road Traffic Accidents in Africa: A Multi-Country Analysis

Abstract

Road traffic accidents (RTAs) represent a critical public health challenge across the African continent, contributing significantly to the burden of maxillofacial injuries. This multi-country analysis examines the incidence, etiology, and demographic patterns of maxillofacial trauma resulting from road traffic accidents across diverse African populations. Through comprehensive review of epidemiological data from multiple African nations, this study reveals that maxillofacial injuries constitute approximately 40-60% of all trauma cases presenting to emergency departments following RTAs, with young males aged 21-40 years representing the most affected demographic group. The predominant mechanisms of injury include motorcycle accidents, vehicular collisions, and pedestrian-vehicle impacts, with mandibular fractures emerging as the most common skeletal injury pattern. Significant regional variations exist in injury patterns, influenced by factors including road infrastructure quality, vehicle safety standards, helmet usage compliance, and access to emergency medical services. The findings underscore the urgent need for targeted preventive strategies, enhanced trauma care systems, and evidence-based policy interventions to reduce the substantial morbidity and mortality associated with RTA-related maxillofacial injuries in Africa. This analysis provides essential baseline data to inform public health planning, resource allocation, and injury prevention programs across the continent.