Longevity of Glass Ionomer vs. Composite Resin Restorations in High Caries-Risk African Populations

Abstract

The selection of appropriate restorative materials for dental caries management in resource-limited settings remains a critical challenge in global oral health. This study examines the comparative longevity and clinical performance of glass ionomer cement (GIC) and composite resin restorations in high caries-risk populations across African countries, where factors such as limited access to dental care, high sugar consumption, inadequate oral hygiene practices, and challenging environmental conditions significantly influence treatment outcomes. Through a comprehensive analysis of existing clinical studies, systematic reviews, and longitudinal data from various African regions, this research evaluates survival rates, failure patterns, cost-effectiveness, and patient-centered outcomes associated with both restorative materials. The findings indicate that while composite resin restorations demonstrate superior aesthetic properties and mechanical strength under optimal conditions, glass ionomer cements exhibit remarkable clinical advantages in high caries-risk African populations due to their fluoride-releasing properties, moisture tolerance during placement, chemical adhesion to tooth structure, and reduced technique sensitivity. The evidence suggests that conventional and high-viscosity glass ionomer cements present a more pragmatic and sustainable solution for managing dental caries in resource-constrained African settings, particularly in primary teeth and atraumatic restorative treatment (ART) approaches. This research contributes to evidence-based decision-making for dental practitioners, public health officials, and policymakers working to improve oral health outcomes in vulnerable populations across the African continent.